SS2 Second Term English Language Lesson Note – Participles (Forms and Functions)

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WEEK 4

Speech Work: Intonation:(Expressing Surprise/Disbelief (Exclamation); Vocabulary Development; Words associated with Hotel and Catering; Reading Comprehension: ‘Soldiers on Guard’(NOSEC, pages 102 – 103) Structure: Participles (Forms and Functions); Writing Skills: Minutes of Meeting (Format and style); Summary: Exercise: ‘Roles of Mothers’ (NOSEC, pages 110 – 111).

ASPECT: Speech Work      DATE …………………………

TOPIC: Intonation Expressing Surprise/Disbelief

Intonation: Intonation is the modification of the voice in various ways to create melody of speech. It is also the variation of the level of the voice in a continuous speech. The upward and downward movement of the voice is called Pitch.

Functions of Intonation: Intonation performs two basic functions in English; grammatical and attitudinal functions.

Grammatical Function is associated with specific sentence types. In the case of attitudinal, it indicates whether a sentence is a statement, order, questions, request, greeting, declaration, exclamation etc.

The attitudinal function of intonation is associated with the mood of the speaker. In this case, intonation indicates whether the speaker, on what is being discussed is doubtful, surprise, indifferent, uncertain etc.

Types of Intonation

There are two types of intonation in English:

1. Falling Tune or Tune 1: This is used in three ways:

(1) To make statements.                                                    

e.g a. We LIVE in the TOWN

1. You GOT the answer WRONG

(2) Falling Tune is used in Wh – questions. These questions having – Wh ––words such as: Who, What, Which at the beginning of the utterance.

e.g a. Why can’t you SLEEP?

1. WHAT is it LIKE?

(3) Falling Tune is also used in commands:

e.g a. Go out!

1. Shut the door!
2. The Rising Tune or Tune II, also has three major uses:

1.The Rising Tune is used in questions requiring YES or NO answer. These questions are also called Polar questions.

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