SS2 Second Term Chemistry Lesson Note – Sulphur

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WEEK 9

TOPIC: SULPHUR

CONTENTS:

1. General properties of group via element
2. Allotropes and uses of sulphur
3. Compounds of sulphur- trioxosulphate (iv) acids and its salts
4. Tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid: industrial preparation, reactions and uses.

PERIOD 1: GENERAL PROPERTIES OF GROUP VIA ELEMENT

Group VIA elements usually called oxygen family have the following properties

• They are made up of oxygen (O), sulphur (S), Selenium (Se) Tellurium (Te) and Polonium (Po)
• Oxygen gas is the first member of the group
• Sulphur comes as the second member of the group and it is a solid, followed by other members.
• They have six valence electrons.
• They gain two electrons usually from group I and II metals to attain octet structure or form negative divalent ions e.g., S₂, O₂
• They form covalent compounds with non-metals e.g., H —–O——–H in water and H—-S—–H, hydrogen sulphide
• Their oxidation states range from -2 in its compounds except peroxides like H₂O₂ and K₂O₂ where oxygent has -1

 ELECTRON STRUCTURE OF SULPHUR

Sulphur is represented with a symbol S, it has 16 atomic numbers. The electronic configuration is 2, 8,6. It is a P block element. Thus have its valence electrons in the p orbital Is² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²3p⁴

The distribution of electrons into shell is given in the figure below:

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