SS2 Second Term Chemistry Lesson Note – Hydrogen

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WEEK 2

TOPIC: HYDROGEN

CONTENT:

1. Configuration, possible oxidation, Isotopes of hydrogen and unique Position of hydrogen of hydrogen in periodic table,
2. Laboratory and Industrial preparation of hydrogen
3. Physical and chemical properties,
4. Compounds of hydrogen, Uses and test of hydrogen.

PERIOD 1: CONFIGURATION, POSSIBLE OXIDATION AND ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN AND UNIQUE POSITION OF HYDROGEN OF HYDROGEN IN PERIODIC TABLE.

Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table with nucleus and electron. It is a gas; diatomic molecule in which two atoms of hydrogen are covalently bonded. The atomic number of hydrogen is one. The electronic configuration of hydrogen is 1s¹. It has oxidation number of +1 and -1

ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN

Hydrogen exhibits Isotope with Hydrogen or protium [₁¹H], Deuterium or heavy hydrogen [²₁H or D] and tritium [³₁H or T] as the Isotopes. These Isotopes have relative atomic masses of 1, 2 and 3 respectively.

HYDROGEN ISOTOPES

• Protium
• Deuterium
• Tritium

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The Isotopes have similar chemical properties but different physical properties although tritium is radioactive.

UNIQUE POSITION OF HYDROGEN IN THE PERIODIC TABLE

It can lose this single electron to form positive ions[H⁺] just like the elements in groups [Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and Fr] and based on the argument it can be considered to be placed in group 1 along with group 1 elements. However, the H⁺ ion is not stable like ions formed by group 1 elements. Most of the properties of H⁺ are not similar to the properties of group I elements.

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