SS2 First Term Physics Lesson Note – Vectors

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WEEK 3

TOPIC: VECTORS

CONTENT:

• Concept and examples of scalars
• Concept of vectors
• Distinction & similarities between scalars & vectors
• Examples of vectors
• Representation of vectors
• Addition of vectors
• Resolution of vectors

Sub-Topic 1: CONCEPT OF SCALARS

Scalars are physical quantities that have magnitude but no direction. That is, scalar has value and unit but no direction. E.g., 10km. This 10km could be in any direction since there is no actual direction. The ‘10’ is the value- the magnitude. Therefore, just 10km is a scalar quantity. Scalar quantities are always not directional.

Scalar quantities unlike vectors have only magnitude. Example; length, area, volume, temperature, work, energy, power, mechanical advantage, velocity ratio, efficiency, surface tension,

Other examples of scalar quantities include:

• Speed
• Time
• Density
• Mass
• Distance, etc.

CONCEPT OF VECTORS

Vectors are physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction. This means that vectors quantities have values and are always directional. E.g., 10km due North. Here, the value, which is the magnitude, is ‘10’ while the direction is North.

Examples of vector quantities include: pressure, friction, tension, electric field intensity, magnetic field intensity, moment of forces, torque, upthrust.

Other examples of vector quantities are:

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