SS2 Commerce Lesson Note on Banking

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TOPIC: Banking

CONTENT:  (a) Origin of Central Bank of Nigeria

                  (b) Function of Central Bank of Nigeria

                (c) How central bank controls the commercial banks

 Sub-topic 1: Origin of Central Bank Nigeria

The central bank is the monetary authority of a country, government bank and banker’s bank. It issues legal tender, controls the volume of cash reserves with commercial banks.

Before independence, the West African Currency Board was the highest financial institution which performed the functions of the central bank. The board controlled the issue of currency in the member countries. After independence, the countries set up their central banks to ensure rapid economic development.

The Central Bank of Nigeria was established by the Central Bank Act of 1958 and started operation on July 1^st 1959. However, 1892-1952, there was an enquiry by the then colonial administration to investigate banking practice in Nigeria. The G.D. Paton Report, which emanated from the enquiry, was the basis for the first Banking Ordinance of 1952. The ordinance was designed to ensure orderly commercial banking and to prevent the establishment of unviable banks. In 1957, Mr J.B. Loynes, an official of the Central Bank England was commissioned to advice the colonial masters on the feasibility of establishing the Central Bank of Nigeria. Following the submission of his report, a draft legislation for the establishment of Central Bank of Nigeria was presented to the House of Representatives in March, 1958. The Act was fully implemented on, July 1^st 1959, when the Central Bank of Nigeria came into full operations. The Central Bank of Nigeria was statutorily independent of the Federal Government of Nigeria until 1968. The main regulatory objectives of the Central Bank of Nigeria as stated in the CBN Act of 19058 are to issue legal tender, maintain the external reserves of Nigeria, promote monetary stability and a sound financial environment, and act as lender of last resort and adviser to the government of Nigeria.

EVALUATION

1. Give a brief history of the central bank of Nigeria

Sub-topic 2: Functions of Central Bank of Nigeria

1. The banker’s bank: The central bank is the banker to the commercial banks and other specialised banks within the country. The central bank of Nigeria ensures that the banks open account with it in order to facilitate clearing of cheques.
2. Issuance and control of currency: The central bank has the sole responsibility to order the printing of currency and issuing it. It controls the circulation of money and exchange of bad notes for new ones.
3. Banker to the government: The central bank is the banker of the federal government of a country. The bank collect proceeds from tax, duties and other revenue accruing to the federal government. It receives, keeps, disburses, settle debts and transfers money on behalf of the federal government.
4. Lender of last resort: The central bank of Nigeria has the duty to assist the commercial banks when they are in financial difficulties, especially coping with excessive demand by their customers.
5. Controls foreign exchange reserves: The central bank controls and issues foreign exchange to agencies that have need for it. It controls and manages foreign exchange reserve to balance the economy.
6. Responsible for monetary policy:

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