SS2 Civic Education Lesson Note on Communal Conflicts

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TOPIC:                     INTER-COMMUNAL RELATIONSHIP

CONTENT:

1. COMMUNAL CONFLICTS
2. SKILLS FOR RESOLVING INTER-COMMUNAL CONFLICTS

SUB – TOPIC 1:       INTER-COMMUNAL CONFLICTS

Inter-communal Conflicts is a violent and cruel relationship between two or more communities, which involve killing of people, burning of properties such as personal houses, government properties, commercial centers, vehicles and others. Such actions render some people homeless and disrupt commercial and economic activities in the affected communities.

Communal conflicts can occur due to land dispute, religions crisis, lack of respect for other people’s culture, ineffective communication, intolerance, marital problems, lack of diligence, racial and ethnic discrimination, disagreement, personal interest and selfishness among others.

For example, in 1997. There was a clash between Ijaws, Itsekiris and Urhobos of Delta State over the creation and relocation of a local government headquarter.  In Anambra State, the Aguleris and Umuleris fought overland in 1964, 1995 and 1999. In Osun State, Ife and Modakeke clashed Hausa and Kataf. In 2010, there was one inter-communal conflict between the Hausa and Angas of Jos, Plateau State. All these conflicts led to loss of lives.

Consequences of inter-communal conflicts.

1. Loss of lives and properties: communal conflicts always result in loss of lives and properties which has series effects on the people.
2. Decline in economic activities: When conflicts occur between communities it disrupts economic and commercial activities.
3. Refuges: Conflicts between communities lead to displacement of people from their home. These people end up as refugees in camps or other areas.
4. Breakdown of law and order: Conflicts between communities lead to breakdown of law and order and some people take laws into their hands to attack innocent citizens and loot property worth millions of naira.
5. Under development: Societies develop in a peaceful and stable atmosphere but conflict makes the society backward and underdeveloped.
6. Diseases: There is the likelihood of outbreak of diseases in areas where conflicts occur. This is because the clashes leave behind corpses, which might decay and cause epidemic such as Cholera, small pox, typhoid, meningitis, influenza etc.
7. Starvation and hunger: Inter-communal clashes always bring about hunger and starvation on the victims because there is usually a drop in the production and supply of food to such area.

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