SS2 Chemistry Lesson Note on Trioxonitrate (V) Acid

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TOPIC

NITROGEN: COMPOUNDS OF NITROGEN: TRIOXONITRATE(V) ACID –

1. LABORATORY   PREPARATION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
2. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIOXONITRATE (V) ACID
3. USES OF TRIOXONITRATE (V) ACID
4. TRIOXONITRATE(V) SALTS- ACTION OF HEAT, TEST FOR TRIOXONITRATE (V) IONS.

PERIOD 1: NITROGEN: COMPOUNDS OF NITROGEN: TRIOXONITRATE(V) ACID –  

LABORATORY PREPARATION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES      

LABORATORY PREPARATION OF TRIOXONITRATE (V) ACID

Trioxonitrate (v) acid is prepared by heating solid sodium trioxonitrate (v) with concentrated tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid.

NaNO₃ + H₂SO₄  HNO₃ + NaHSO₄

The apparatus used is completely made of glass because rubber and cork are attack by trioxonitrate (v) acid. The trioxonitrate (v) acid produced in this case is yellow in colour due to the slight decomposition of the acid by heat to produce reddish-brown gas (nitrogen (iv))   which then dissolve in the acid to impart the yellow colour.

4HNO₃  H₂O + 4NO₂ + O₂

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIOXONITRATE (V) ACID

1. It is corrosive and readily destroys organic materials.
2. It turns blue litmus paper red.
3. It is a colourless liquid which fumes in air on exposure.

EVALUATION:

1. Explain why trioxonitrate (v) acid produced in the laboratory is yellow in colour.
2. Why is all-glass apparatus used in the preparation of trioxonitrate (v0 acid.
3. State three physical properties of trioxonitrate (v0 acid.

PERIOD 2: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIOXONITRATE (V) ACID

1. Reaction as an acid:

(a) It reacts with base to form salt and water

HNO₃ + NaOH → NaNO₃ + H₂O

(b) It reacts with trioxonitrate (v) to liberate carbon (iv) oxide

HNO₃ + CaCO₃  →  Ca(NO₃)₂ + H₂O + CO₂

2. As an oxidizing agent:

(a) with metals: Trioxonitrate (v0 acid is a strong oxidizing agent and the oxidizing power of trioxonitrate (v) acid depends on its concentration. In concentrated form, it oxidizes certain metal to trioxonitrate (v) while the acid is reduced to nitrogen (iv) oxide and in moderately concentrated form it reduced to nitrogen (ii) oxide.

Cu + 4HNO₃   →   Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O + 2NO₂

3Cu  +  8HNO₃ →  3Cu(NO₃)₂ + 4H₂O + 2NO

Lead, mercury and silver react in similar way to copper with the metal

Magnesium, zinc and iron react with dilute trioxonitrate (v) acid to give ammonium trioxonitrate (v0 or nitrogen (i) e.g

4Zn + 10HNO₃   →   4Zn(NO₃)₂ + 3H₂O + NH₄NO₃

Aluminium and iron do not react with concentrated HNO₃ due to initial formation of an oxide coating on the metal, which prevent further reaction.

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