SS2 Chemistry Lesson Note on Nitrogen

The website has the complete lesson note for all the subjects in secondary school but this piece showcases the SS2 Chemistry Lesson Note on Nitrogen. You can use the website search button to filter out the subject of interest to you.

CLICK HERE to download the complete Document: DOWNLOAD HERE

TOPIC: NITROGEN

CONTENTS:

1. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN–GROUP VA ELEMENTS, LABORATORY AND INDUSTRIAL PREPARATION OF NITROGEN,
2. PROPERTIES AND USES OF NITROGEN
3. COMPOUND OF NITROGEN – AMMONIA- LABORATORY AND INDUSTRIAL PREPARATION
4. PROPERTIES AND USES, TEST FOR AMMONIA, FOUNTAIN EXPERIMENT

 PERIOD  1: GENERAL PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN – GROUP V ELEMENTS

Nitrogen and other group VA elements are non-metals and show two common valences of 3 and 5. They are electron acceptors and both form several acidic oxides. They also form similar hydrides and chloride e.g. Nitrogen and phosphorus form N₂O₃ and P₄O₆, N₂O₅ and P₄O₁₀, NH₃, PH₃, NCl₃ and PCl₃ 

Properties of VA elements

Property	Nitrogen N	Phosphorous P	Arsenic As	Antimony Sb	Bismuth Bi
Atomic number	7	15	33	51	83
Outer electron configuration	2s22p6	3s23p3	3d104s2 4p3	4d104s25p3	4f15d106s26p3
Atomic mass	14.0067	30.9738	74.9216	121.75	208.980
Boiling point Melting point	-196 -210	280w 44w 2.34r	610sr 817pgr 5.73gr	1380 630gr 6.7gr	1560 271 9.8
Density(gcm-3)	0.81	1.82w

W = white, gr = grey, p = 28 atmospheres, r = red, s = sublimes

  LABORATORY AND INDUSTRIAL PREPARATION OF NITROGEN

• Laboratory preparation of nitrogen from air

Atmospheric air is passed through aqueous NaOH, in order to absorb carbon (iv) oxide.

2NaOH_(aq) + CO_{2(g)    →} Na₂CO_3(aq) + H₂O

It is then passed over red-hot copper metal in a combustion tube in order to remove oxygen.

Cu(s) + O_{2(g)      →}  2CuO_(s)

The residual gas collected over water is Nitrogen contaminated with small quantity of noble gases. Other methods of preparing nitrogen in the laboratory include:

Preparation from Ammonia gas.

CuO_(s) + NH_{3(g)   →}     3Cu_(s) + H₂O_(g) + N_2(g)

From ammoniumdioxonitrate (iii)

NaNO_2(aq) + NH₄Cl_{(aq)  →}  NH₄NO_2(aq) + NaCl_(aq)

• Industrial preparation of nitrogen

Nitrogen is produced commercially from fractional distillation of liquefied air.

PROCEDURE: Carbon (iv) oxide is removed from air. This air is liquefied by subjecting it to succession compression and cooling processes.

Nitrogen is collected first after distillation before oxygen because it has a lower boiling point than oxygen.

Nitrogen is stored in steel in steel cylinders and sold as liquid nitrogen or as the compressed gas.

Click on the Downloadable Button to get the FULL NOTE