SS1 Third Term Geography Lesson Note – Basic Concept of GIS

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WEEK 10                                      

TOPIC: BASIC CONCEPT OF GIS

CONTENT:

• Geographic Information System
• Geographic data
• Importance of Geo-referencing, Geographic data and the GIS

SUB-TOPIC 1: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

Meaning of GIS

Geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyse, manage and present all types of geographic referenced data.

In other words, it is a computer system that record, stores and analyse information about the feature that make up the earth surface.

It is equally a system for acquiring, sorting, processing, storing, querying, analysing and displaying spatial data.

In addition, it is an organised collection of computer software, hardware, geographic data and personnel designed to effectively capture, store, update, manipulate, analyse and display all forms of geographically referenced information.

EVALUATION

1. Explain Geographic Information System.

SUB-TOPIC 2: GEOGRAPHIC DATA

Data refer to information or facts collected for analysis. Geographic data is a collection of information that can describe objects and things with relation to space. Geographic data are collected directly during field work, existing map or digital image.  Without this data there would be no information that would need to be visualized and analysed.

GIS represent real object such as roads, house, elevation, trees, water way etc. These features often represented as vectors, by considering those features geometrical shapes. For example, line is used to represent features like rivers, road, rail etc.; points to represent features like building, settlement, town and farms etc. while polygons are used for geographical features that cover a particular area of earth.

SOURCES OF GEOGRAPHIC DATA

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