SS1 Third Term Further Mathematics Lesson Note – Logical Reasoning

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WEEK 1                                                                                                                                                                        

TOPIC: LOGICAL REASONING

CONTENT:

• Statements
• Negation
• Conditional Statement
• Bi-conditional Statement
• The Chain Rule
• Converse, inverse and contra positive of statement.
• Antecedent and consequent
• Connectives for statements including symbols.

Logical Reasoning

Logic is the science of reasoning, and thinking. It is also means ability to draw suitable inferences and conclusions after a persuasive argument. To many, logic may mean the power of expressive language, but a Mathematician breaks down the expressions into propositions from where their ‘truth values’ can be determined.

 STATEMENTS

In logic, statement can be defined as declaration, verbal or written which is either true or false. Statement can also be referred to as ‘proposition’. However, no statement can satisfy the two conditional (that is true and false at the same time). A statement that is true will have the truth value denoted as . While a statement that is false will have the truth, value denoted as

Example 1: The following statements are logical

1. Ghana is a West African Country
2. The earth is spherical in shape.
3. Nigerians are patient people.
4. If I don’t run I shall be late.

Example 2: The following statements are not logical.

1. When I think of my past.
2. Take away the book.
3. Who do you think you are?
4. What a good meal!

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