SS1 Third Term Computer Studies Lesson Note – Basic Computer Operations

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WEEK 6                                                          

TOPIC: BASIC COMPUTER OPERATIONS

CONTENT:

• Description of the booting process.
• Types of booting: cold &warm
• Components of the windows desktop Icons, Task bar, Background
• Running an application program – e.g. Microsoft Word
• The Process of shutting down the computer.

Sub-Topic 1: DESCRIPTION OF THE BOOTING PROCESS.

Booting is the process of starting or restarting the computer system. It is simply the process to load the first piece of software that starts a computer. Because the operation system is essential for running all other programs, it is usually the first piece of software loaded during the booting process.

During the booting process, the binary code of the operation system is loaded from non-volatile secondary storage (such as a hard disk drive) into volatile memory (RAM) and then executed. The booting concept is known as “Initial Program Load”.

Types of booting:

Cold booting

The start-up of a computer from a powered down, or off state is referred to as cold booting. It is also called hard start. This is a method where computer is strictly on off state or position waiting for the user to start it up by pressing ON switch button. At this stage, computer goes through complete booting process by loading codes from the secondary storage into the primary storage and then executing them.

Warm booting

Warm booting refers to restarting a computer that is already turned on via the operating system. Restarting it returns the computer to its initial state. A warm boot is sometimes necessary when a program encounters an error from which it cannot recover. On PCs, you perform a warm boot by pressing the Ctrl+Alt+Del keys simultaneously. On Macs, you can perform a warm boot by pressing the restart button.

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