SS1 Third Term Chemistry Lesson Note – Carbon and Its Compounds

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WEEK 6

TOPICS: CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

CONTENT:

1. Carbon, allotropes and their structures,
2. Properties, difference between diamond and graphite
3. Chemical properties of carbon
4. Coal and types of coal

PERIOD 1: CARBON, ALLOTROPES AND THEIR STRUCTURES

Carbon is a non -metal found in group 4 of the periodic table.  It occurs naturally as diamond and graphite. These physically different forms of the same chemical element are known as allotropes. Other elements that exist in different forms in their free states include tin, Sulphur and phosphorus.  Also, it occurs in an impure form as coal and in the combine state as petroleum, wood and natural gases.

Atomic structure of carbon

Carbon is the sixth element in the periodic table. the nucleus its atom it composed of six proton and six neutron and surrounded by six electrons; 2 in the first energy level (k-shell) and four in the 2^nd energy level (L-shell). its orbital configuration is 1S²2S²2P^2.Carbonatom has four valency electrons. Carbon atoms are able to catenate, i.e. join to one another by covalent bonds in a continuous fashion. The phenomenon is called catenation.

Allotropes of carbon

Allotropy is the existence of an element in the same physical state but indifferent forms. The various forms are called allotropes. Carbon exhibits allotropy. Other elements that also exhibit allotropy are sulphur, Tin, Oxygen and Phosphorus. The two crystalline allotropes of carbon are: Diamond and graphite. Charcoal is amorphous. allotrope of carbon. 

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