SS1 Third Term Chemistry Lesson Note – Carbon and Its Compounds

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WEEK 9

TOPIC: CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

CONTENTS:

• Hydrocarbon and its main classes
• Crude oil and natural gas- fractional distillation of crude oil and uses of petroleum fractions
• Cracking of petroleum fractions, reforming, octane number and knocking
• Importance of crude oil and petrochemicals

PERIOD 1: HYDROCARBON AND ITS MAIN CLASSES

Hydrocarbons, as the name implies, are compounds of only two elements; hydrogen and carbon. There are many such organic compounds.

Hydrocarbons are usually classified into two main groups namely, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

1. Saturated hydrocarbons (Alkanes). The alkanes have the general molecular formula C_nH_2n+2. . Members of this group include Methane, CH₄, ethane, C₂H₆, propane, C₃H₈, butane, C₄H_10. The structure of butane is given below.
2. Unsaturated hydrocarbons (Alkenes and alkynes). The alkenes have the general formula is C_nH_2n. Members of this group include ethene, C₂H₄ propene, C₃H₆ butene, C₄H₈ etc

Hydrocarbons can be classified into:

1. Aliphatic compounds
2. Aromatic compounds

Aliphatic compounds are classified into two sub-classes:   1. Acyclic compounds   2. Cyclic compounds

In acyclic compounds the molecules are made up of straight chain carbon atoms or branch chain e.g., Butane (a straight chain compound)

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