SS1 Second Term Geography Lesson Note – Resources of Nigeria

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WEEK 10                                                                                     

TOPIC: RESOURCES OF NIGERIA

CONTENT:

• Mineral resources
• Water Resources
• Vegetative
• Importance of the environment.

Sub-Topic 1: Mineral Resources in Nigeria

Nigeria is blessed with a lot of mineral and power resources, so that if they are properly harnessed will promote the industrial development of the country. The following are the minerals resources mined in Nigeria:

1. Petroleum/Crude oil: Petroleum is a sedimentary rock mineral mostly exploited around the Niger-Delta, both offshore and onshore in Edo, Delta, Rivers, Bayelsa, Cross Rivers and Imo states. Crude oil or petroleum is mostly mined by the process known as “DRILLING”. The first oil well in Nigeria was sunk in Oloibiri, near Port Harcourt, Warri, Egbema, Brass, Nembe, Oron, Abana etc. The crude oil mined in Nigeria gives rise to the three refineries in Port Harcourt, Warri and Kaduna. The crude oil drilled is refined into such products as the petroleum liquid gas oil. Though a higher quantity of Natural gas produced are flared up while the remaining is consumed by oil companies near the oil fields.

Method of Mining Petroleum

As stated earlier, the method of mining petroleum is the drilling method. In this method, the underground rocks are sampled and are duly tested for trace of oil. When the oil is discovered, well is sunk to reach the rock, with the aid of a drilling rig. The oil is then pumps out mechanically or if the pressure within the oil zone in the soil is high, then the oil will be pump naturally within the oil zone in the soil in three layers. The first layer comprises of natural gas; the second layer, petroleum and the third layer, which is at the last is water.

COAL: Coal was first discovered in 1909 around Udi hills in Enugu State and Okaba in Benue State. The Nigerian coal is the sub-bituminous grade. Before now coal was mined through human labour, but this has been replaced with mechanical equipment which have aided to increase its total production.

Methods of Mining

The method of mining coals is purely based on underground mining method. In this process, a tunnel is being built into the coal mainstream where explosives are used to excavates the coal, thereafter, light rails car hauls the coal from the funnel to the surface where they are either consumed locally or exported to other countries.

TIN ORE

Tin has been mined for several years around the Jos Plateau in Plateau State of Nigeria. Tin ore contains more than 70% of pure tin and is rated as being of high quality. Today, beside Jos Plateau, Tin is mined in the following parts of the country, Bauchi, Zaria, Benue, and Kano.

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