SS1 Second Term Geography Lesson Note – Lowlands

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WEEK 3                                                                                     

TOPIC:    Lowlands

CONTENT:

• Meaning and Types of Lowlands.
• Mode of formation and characteristics.
• Importance of lowlands to man.

Sub-Topic 1: Types of Lowlands- Mode of formation and characteristics.

Meaning of lowland

Lowland are the areas that are below 300m above the sea level.  There are three types of lowland, they are: Valleys, Coastal and Plains

Valleys: A valley is a low land between two highlands. A valley that contains water is called a water valley while a valley without water is called a dry valley.

Mode of formation:

Valley may form when the enclosed block in between two faults subsides or the land on the either sides of the parallel faults rises. This type of valley is called rift valley or graben.

CHARACTERISTICS OF VALLEY

1. There is a trough between two parallel faults.
2. It has steep-sided walls.
3. It also has flat bud at times irregular floor.
4. Rift valleys are usually very deep.
5. Examples are Rhine valley, Dead Sea, Jordan valley, and Great East Africa rift valley.

Coastal land: Coastal lands are areas that are close to the ocean or sea. It is a zone of land nearest to the sea. There are two types of coast. They are:

1. Coastline of submergence: This is formed as a result of sinking of the land or the rising of the sea. Examples are: Fiord coast, Ria coast, estuarine coasts and Dalmatian or longitudinal coast.
2. Coastline of emergence: This is formed as a result of uplift land or fall of the sea level. Examples are: uplift lowland coast and emergent upland coast.

Various coastal features of erosion include: Capes and bay, Cliff, Cave, Spits and bars, Beaches, etc.

Characteristics of Coastal Areas

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