SS1 Commerce Lesson Note on Division of Labour; Specialization and Exchange

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TOPIC: PRODUCTION, DIVISION OF LABOUR, SPECIALIZATION AND EXCHANGE

CONTENT:  

(i) Meaning of Division of Labour and specialisation

(ii) Advantages and disadvantages of division of labour and   Specialization

(iii) Limitation to division of labour and specialisation

(iv)  Meaning of exchange and the interrelationship between production, division of labour, specialisation and exchange.

SUB TOPIC 1: MEANING OF DIVISION OF LABOUR AND SPECIALISATION

Meaning of division of labour

Division of labour is the systematic breaking down of production processes into different stages so that each stage is handled or undertaken by an individual or a group of people.

Definition of Division of labour

Division of labour have been defined by various people. An author defines division of labour as a complex process mainly practised in industrialised communities where a worker specialises in the production of a small portion of a product.  Division of labour was defined by another author as the system of breaking down the production processes into segments and tasks, which can be performed by different individuals or machines

Meaning of Specialization

Specialization simply means the concentration of the productive effort of an individual, organization or country towards the production of certain commodities or line of production where it has greater comparative advantage over others.

Specialisation can be defined as the permanent engagement of people in one aspect of the production process or in one type of occupation resulting in better and faster production.

The specialisation can also be defined as the act of an individual or a country concentrating his/her or its resources and efforts in the production of relatively few commodities because of training, ability, experience or comparative location advantages.

EVALUATION

1. What is division of labour?
2. Define the term ‘specialisation’
3. What is comparative advantage in terms of specialization?

SUB TOPIC 2: ADVANTAGES OF DIVISION OF LABOUR AND SPECIALIZATION

1. Time saving: It helps to save time that would have been wasted in moving from one operation to another.
2. Increase in production: Division of labour and specialisation will lead to increase in production because the various experts work together to boost production.
3. Less fatigue: In division of labour, a worker concentrate on only a portion of production and since he makes use of machine, he does not get tired easily
4. Increase in the skill of workers: It enables workers to develop greater skills through repetition.
5. Leads to specialisation: It makes people to specialise in the performance of a particular job.
6. Create employment opportunities: It creates employment opportunities or people because the production process is divided into stages.

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