SS1 Chemistry Lesson Note on Gaseous State and Gas Laws

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TOPIC: GASEOUS STATE AND GAS LAWS

CONTENTS:

1. Boyle’s law
2. Charles’ law
3. General gas law
4. Ideal gas law

 

PERIOD 1:  BOYLE’S LAW

The relationship between volume and pressure of a gas was first started by Robert Boyle in 1662.

Boyle’s law states that the volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, provided that the temperature remains constant.

According to Boyle’s law, volume of a gas increases as the pressure decreases and vice versa.

This relationship is independent of the nature of the gas and it can be expressed mathematically as:

V = 1/p

V = k/p

Or PV =k

Where V= volume at pressure P

K = a mathematical constant

For a given mass of a gas, the product of its pressure and its volume is always a constant. If the pressure of a given mass of gas increases, its volume will decrease by a similar proportion and vice versa, as long as the temperature remain constant. This relationship can also be expressed mathematically as:

P₁V₁ = P₂ V₂

Where V₁ = volume at pressure P₁

V₂= Volume at pressure P₂

Boyle’s law can still be re-stated as: ‘The pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume, provided the temperature remains constant. Boyle’s law can further be illustrated with the diagram below, showing that when P is increasing, V is decreasing and when P is decreasing, V is increasing.

P₁ = Initial pressure

P₂= Final pressure

V₁=Initial volume

V₂= final volume

Graphical representation of Boyle’s law

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