SS1 Chemistry Lesson Note on Charles Law

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CHARLES’ LAW

The effect of temperature changes on the volume of a given mass of a gas at a constant pressure is described by Charles. Charles’ law states that the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin, provided that pressure remains constant.

The volume of the gas decreases as the temperature decreases, and increases as the temperature increases.

Mathematically, the law can be expressed as:

V ∝ T

V = kT

Or  = k

Where v= volume

T= Kelvin Temperature

K= mathematical constant

A Representation of Charles’s law

For a direct relationship, when the temperature increases, the volume will also increase at the same rate and vice versa, at constant pressure. The diagram above shows that when V is decreasing, T is also decreasing and when V is increasing, T is also increasing thus, making the quotient constant.

Charles’s law can be represented graphically has shown below.

If we divide the varying gas volumes by the corresponding temperature in Kelvin, the result would always be a constant. This relationship can also be expressed in another form.

ABSOLUTE ZERO

This is the temperature at which the volume of a gas is theoretically zero..At this temperature there is no motiom of any form and all gases have been liquefied or solidified. The value of the temperature is -273⁰C.

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION

1. To convert from Celsius scale to Kelvin scale, add 273 i.e. T= ⁰C + 273. This is because O⁰C=273K.
2. To convert from Kelvin scale to Celsius scale, subtract 273. i.e

⁰C= T- 273.

Where T= Temperature in Kevin

⁰C= Temperature in Celsius.

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