SS1 Chemistry Lesson Note on Carbon (IV) Oxide (CO2): Preparations; Properties and Uses

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TOPIC: CARBON AND ITS COMPOUND

CONTENT:

1. CARBON(IV) OXIDE (CO₂): PREPARATIONS, PROPERTIES AND USES.
2. CARBON(II) OXIDE, CO: PREPARATIONS, PROPERTIES AND USES. SYNTHETIC GASES
3. METALLIC TRIOXOCARBONATES; OCCURRENCES, PREPARATION AND USES.
4. TEST FOR CARBON ION

PERIOD 1: CARBON(IV) OXIDE:  PREPARATION AND USES

FORMATION / PREPARATION OF CARBON(IV) OXIDE (CO₂)

In excess air, there is complete combustion; carbon (iv) oxide is produced but in the limited supply of air carbon normally reacts with oxygen to produce carbon(ii) oxide. The equation of reaction is given below for the two reactions.

C_(s)+  O_2(g)    →         CO_2(g)       +          heat (sufficient supply of air)

2C_(s) +    O_2(g)    →       2CO_(g)      +         heat (limited supply of air)

Other methods of preparation of CO₂  are:

CH_4(g) + 2O_{2(g)  →}   CO_2(g)   +   2H₂O_(g)

1. The decomposition of trioxocarbonates(IV) salts [except those of Sodium and Potassium] or hydrogen trioxcarbonate(IV) salts, by strong heat e.g

CaCO_3(s)   →   CaO_(s) + CO₂

2NaHCO_3(s)    →   Na₂CO_3(s) + H₂O +CO_2(g)

3. Action of dilute mineral acid on trioxocarbonate(IV) or hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV)salt e.g.

Na₂CO_3(s) +    2HCl_(aq)    →   2 NaCl_(aq) + H₂O_(l) + CO_2(g)

KHCO_3(s)  + HNO_3(aq)        →       KNO_3(aq) + H₂O_(l) + 2CO_2(g)

(iv)  The fermentation of glucose by an enzyme (zymase)

C₆H₁₂O_6(ag)      →  2C₂H₅OH_(aq) + 2CO_2(g)    

LABORATORY PREPARATION OF CO₂ GAS

The equation for the reaction is given as shown below

CaCO_3(s) + HCl_(aq)  →    CaCl_2(aq) + H₂O + CO_2(g)

Pure and dry CO₂ is obtained by passing the gas through a solution of potassium hydrogentrioxocarbonate (IV) [KHCO₃] to remove the acid impurities, hydrogen chloride and then, through conc.  (or fused CaCl₂ to dry the gas. It is then collected by downwards delivery, being denser than air as in the diagram above.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CO_2(g)

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