SS1 Biology Lesson Note on Freshwater Habitat

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TOPIC: FRESHWATER HABITAT AND TERRESTRIAL MASH

CONTENT:

1. Characteristics of freshwater habitat and Types of freshwater

• • • (i) Stagnant water
    • (ii) Running water

2. Freshwater organisms.
3. Terrestrial mash

Sub-Topic 1: CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESHWATER HABITAT

The freshwater habitat includes the lakes, ponds, streams, springs, and rivers. These water bodies are known for low salt content or low salinity. The animals and plants in freshwater habitat vary from the ones in the estuarine habitat. This is due to the salinity factor.

 Some characteristics of freshwater habitat include:

1. It has low salt content.
2. Relatively small body of water.
3. The water is shallow.
4. Its temperature varies with depth and season.
5. Low density water.
6. Turbidity depends on season.
7. There is available oxygen in all parts of water but more at the surface.
8. Freshwater habitat accommodates bony fishes like tilapia.

TYPES OF FRESHWATER

Freshwater is divided into two broad types:

1. Stagnant water (lentic): pools, pond, puddles, and lakes.
2. Running water (lotic): Springs, streams, and rivers.

The fluctuation of the tide allows for a unique environment along shorelines. The current continually circulates and replenishes a rich supply of nutrients along beaches, but organisms living there must be adapted to both buffeting waves and frequent shifts from open air to complete submersion. Marine organisms adapt to the constantly changing surroundings in a variety of ways. Starfish use suction-cup feet, barnacles fix permanently to large objects like rocks and boats, and seaweed anchors firmly to the ocean floor. When the tide goes out, pockets of water remain trapped in rocks, depressions in the sand, and natural basins called tidal pools, like the one shown here during low tide.

EVALUATION

1. Mention five water bodies that can be categorise as freshwater habitat.
2. List two major types of freshwater habitat with three examples each.

Sub-Topic 2: FRESH WATER ORGANISM

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