SS1 Animal Husbandry Lesson Note on Poultry Management Practices

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TOPIC: MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (POULTRY)

CONTENT:

(a)   Requirement for Poultry production

1. Diseases Control
2. Housing
3. Feeding
4. Hygiene

(b) Importance of the management practices

Sub-topic 1:

Definition: Poultry refers to all birds that are domesticated by man. These include domestic fowl, ducks, geese, turkey, guinea fowl, and pigeons.

Importance of Poultry:

1. Provision of meat and eggs as food for man
2. Feathers are used for pillows and mattresses
3. Eggs are used for producing vaccines
4. Poultry manure (guano) is used to fertilize the soil.
5. Poultry industry provides employment for many people
6. It is a means of income to poultry farmers
7. Birds are high and economical converters of feeds.
8. Birds are used for scientific experiments because the mature within a relatively short period.

BREEDS OF DOMESTIC FOWL

Breeds                       purpose

White leghorn         egg production

Brown leghorn        egg production

Shika brown             egg production

Plymouth Rock         dual purpose

Rhode Island Red    dual purpose

Harco                        dual purpose

Light Sussex             meat production

White Cornish         meat production

SYSTEMS OF POULTRY PRODUCTION: The systems are:

1. Intensive system
2. Semi-intensive
3. Extensive system

INTENSIVE SYSTEM: In this system, birds are reared in within a confined environment. Adequate housing, feeding and good hygiene are made available.

The system is further divided into:

1. Deep litter system
2. Battery cage

DEEP LITTER SYSTEM: Birds (both male and female) are reared together in a suitable room. The floor of the room is concreted and covered with wood shavings which absorbed the water associated with faeces. Water and feeds are given provided.

Advantages

1. It facilitates the management of very large stock.
2. It increases the rate of growth and production.
3. It maximizes the use of labour.
4. It reduces the loss of birds to snakes and thieves.
5. Birds are protected from harsh weather conditions.
6. The rate of growth and production is increased.
7. It requires less capital than the battery cage system.

Disadvantages

1. Cost of constructing the deep litter system is high.
2. Birds tend to waste the feeds.
3. Vices like cannibalism, pecking, fighting, egg-sucking, feathers fluffing may be rampant.
4. The spread of diseases and pests is rapid.
5. Eggs are often stained by faeces on the litters.
6. It is very difficult to cull unproductive birds since all of them are housed together.

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