SS 2 Second Term Agricultural Science Lesson Note – Reproduction and Reproductive Process in Farm Animals

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SUBJECT: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

CLASS: SS 2

TOPIC:          Reproduction and Reproductive Process in Farm Animals

CONTENT: 1. Reproductive systems of farm animals, mammals and poultry

2. Reproductive Hormones
3. Reproductive Processes in mammals and [Poultry
4. Egg Formation in Poultry

SUB TOPIC 1: Reproductive systems of farm animals, mammals and poultry

Reproduction can be defined as the process through which living organisms give birth to young ones. It involves mating, after which the male sperm is united to the female ovum to form zygote.

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:  is made up of the primary sex character (testes) and the secondary sex character consists of scrotum, cowpers gland, prostate gland, seminal vesicle, urethra, penis, vas deferens and spermatic ducts.

FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS PARTS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

1. TESTES: They are located within the scrotum or scrotal sac. When stimulated by the male hormone called testosterone, it secrets spermatozoa
2. SCROTUM: This helps to house the testes. It regulates the temperature of the testes at 4⁰C less than the body temperature.
3. 3. VAS DEFERENS: This is responsible for conducting sperm from the epididymis to the neck of the urethra.
4. EPIDIDYMIS: This stores the sperm in a coiled tubules before it is been used
5. SEMINAL VESICLE: This is the region for the secretion of fluids which are rich in food substance. It helps in feeding the spermatozoa before fertilization takes place
6. PROSTATE GLAND: It secretes prostate fluids which help to inhibit urine formation during copulation and ejaculation
7. COWPERS GLAND: This also secreted the Cowper’s fluid which is alkaline in nature and helps to reduce the acidity of the spermatozoa
8. SEMEN: It is a mixture of the seminal fluid and the spermatozoa. About 25% of the quantity of semen ejaculated is spermatozoa; the remaining 75% are the seminal fluids.
9. 9. URETHRA: It is a narrow tract for the transportation of urine from the bladder to the external orifice and semen to the reproductive tract of the female.
10. PENIS: This is the organ used in introducing the spermatozoa into the vagina.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN POULTRY: The male reproductive system in poultry is very similar to that of the mammals with little modifications.

TESTES: In mammals they are responsible for spermatozoa production. In poultry, they are located inside the body of the cock.

EPIDIDYMIS: Spermatozoa produced are stored in the epididymis

VAS DEFERENS: This organ transports the ejaculated spermatozoa during mating to the papillae.

PAPILLAE: This introduces the spermatozoa into the vagina of the female .It functions like the penis in mammals

CLOACA: this is the pathway for spermatozoa and faeces expulsion

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

The reproductive system consists of the primary sex characteristic which is ovary and secondary sex characteristics which are infundibulum, oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina, clitoris and vulva

OVARY: The eggs are produced by the graffian follicle. The ovaries produce female sex hormones responsible for secondary female characteristics. When the egg mature, it is released by a process called ovulation. The ovaries are placed within the loin region in the body cavity

INFUNDIBULUM: It is funnel shaped for receiving eggs released by the ovary

OVIDUCT: It is the same as fallopian tube, the place where fertilization takes place.

UTERUS: It is also called womb. It is where implantation (attachment of fertilized egg to the uterus) takes place and zygote develops into foetus.

VAGINA: The muscular part that receives semen during mating to find its way to the oviduct.

CERVIX: It is the entrance between vagina and the uterus. It is always sealed during pregnancy. It is under the control of sphincter muscle.

VULVA: The external opening of female reproductive system.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN POULTRY (HEN) (Download file have a full note)

Other information contained in the note are:

Merit and demerit of artificial insemination

Importance of colostrum

Definition and explanation of some reproductive terminologies such as heat period, lactation, parturition etc.

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