SS 1 First Term Agricultural Science Lesson Note – Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture

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Meaning of Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture: 

Basically, agriculture is of two types. All farms are not the same. Some are rich while others are poor; some have large areas of land while others have very limited land space. The differences among all farmers categorized agriculture into two major types. These are subsistence and commercial agriculture

• Subsistence(farming) Agriculture: This is the type of agriculture whereby a farmer cultivates soil and rears animals in order to produce food enough to feed himself and his family, with little or none for sale.
• Commercial(farming) Agriculture: This is the type of farming which involves the production of cash crops and animals in large quantity . Food are produced  purposely for sale. It  His desire is to make maximum profit. It is therefore a profit-oriented venture/enterprise.

Characteristics of Subsistence Agriculture

• Produces purposely for family consumption.
• Small land is used for production
• Farmer and his family members do the labour.
• Simple farm tools like hoe, cutlass, spade, rake etc. are used.

Characteristics of Commercial Agriculture

• Produce purposely for sale to make maximum profit.
• Large area of land is used as a result large-scale production is made.
• Hired and skilled workers are used for labour.

 

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Sub-topic 2

Difference between Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture.

 

SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE	COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
• Produces purposely for family consumption •  Small land is required . • Simple farm tools e.g. cutlass, hoe, axe, spade, rake, watering can etc. are used •  No need for storage and processing facilities •  Low environmental pollution • Agrochemicals are not majorly used	•  Produces purposely for sale to make profit •  Large area of land is required . •   Modern farm machinery e.g. Bulldozer, tractors, planters, combined harvesters, air craft etc. are used •  Processing and storage facilities are required •           High environmental pollution •           Agro-chemicals are majorly used

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