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Titration Analysis of Carbonic Acid (H₂CO₃): Buffering Regions, Midpoint Species, and Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

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Category: Higher Institution Past Questions

Description

Description

300 Level Biochemistry Department exam questions and detailed answers. Download the answers in document format. Correct, detailed, and straightforward answers.

Questions:

1. Assuming a diprotic acid, $H_{2} C O_{3}$ (carbonic acid, $p_{K 1} = 6.35$ and $p_{K 2} = 10.3$ ).
a. Draw a titration curve reflecting the pattern of $H_{2} C O_{3}$ as a strong base is added.
b. Identify the regions (pH ranges) where buffering occurs.
c. Identify the chemical species at the midpoint of the two phases in the titration curve.
d. Derive the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and state its significance.”