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Primary Three Third Term Lesson Note For Basic Science

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WEEK1

Topic: Animals

Subtitle: Comparison of plants and animals as living things

Learning Objectives: At the end of this lesson, pupils should be able to:

State reasons why animals are living things.
Compare plants and animals as living things

Resources and materials:

Scheme of work
Online information
Instructional material: Specimen of animals in our locality.

Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.

CONTENT

ANIMALS

Animals are classified as wild and domestic animals.

Domestic animals are animals that live with us in our home, school compound, and environment in which we care for and they are not harmful to us. Domestic animals can also be called friendly animals. While wield animals are animals that live in the bush. They are dangerous to humans.

EXAMPLES OF DOMESTIC ANIMAL: Dog, goats, cow, cattle, rabbit etc

EXAMPLES OF WILD ANIMALS: Elephant, tigers, hyenas, lions, snakes, etc

BASIC COMPARISON OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS AS LIVING THINGS

Plants are green in colour due to the presence of chlorophyll and are able to prepare their own food with the help of sunlight, water, and air. They are known for providing oxygen to the atmosphere. Animals are living organisms that feed on organic material and are known to have specialized systems in their body like the nervous system, reproductive system, and sense organs, which make them unique from the other forms of life.

Movement

Plants do not have the ability to move from one place to another, as plants are rooted into the ground, exceptions are Volvox and Chlamydomonas. Animals can move from one place to another freely, and exceptions are Sponges and Corals.

Mode of nutrition

Plants have chlorophyll, due to which they have the capability to prepare their own food and are known as autotrophs.

Animals are heterotrophs, as they depend on plants for their food, either directly or indirectly.

Storage of food

Plants do not have a digestive system, and the storage of food (carbohydrate) takes place in the form of starch. Animals have the proper digestive system which supports the food in digesting and absorbing nutrition from it, the food (carbohydrate) is stored in the form of glycogen.

Respiration

Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the atmosphere, the exchange of gases occurs through stomata.

Animals take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which occurs through the lungs, gills, skin, etc.

Cellular structure

The cellular structure of plants contains the cell wall, chloroplast, plasmodesmata, plastids, and other different organelles. The cellular structure of animals does not have cell walls, though other organelles like the tight junction and cilia are present.

Growth

The growth of the plants takes place throughout life, the meristematic system present in the tip of roots and stems supports the growth. The organs and organ system support the growth and are definite.

REPRODUCTION

Reproduction of plants takes place asexually like by budding, vegetative methods, spores, wind, or through insects. Some lower animals like algae reproduce asexually while higher animals reproduce sexually.

Response

Plants show the response to stimuli like touch, and light, though are less sensitive due to the absence of the sense organs. They have a proper nervous system and respond to any stimuli in a fraction of seconds, so they are regarded as highly sensitive.

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