Primary Four First Term Lesson Note For Mathematics

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WEEK 2

ORDERING OF WHOLE NUMBERS WITH SYMBOLS

Comparing quantities or amounts in terms of more, fewer, or the same as helps with understanding the relationship between numbers. Quantity is related to ‘how many’ rather than size, shape, or position. Numbers can be compared by determining which one is greater than, less than, or equal to another number. For example,

Sometimes it is useful to arrange numbers in ascending or descending order.

For example, 20, 30, 40, 50 is arranged in ascending order (least to greatest) 50, 40, 30, 20 is arranged in descending order (greatest to least)

Understanding place value can help with comparing and ordering numbers. In our decimal number system the value of a digit depends on its place, or position, in the number. Each place has a value of 10 times the place to its right. For example in the number 42• the digit 2 is in the ones place• the digit 4 is in the tens place

Mathematical Words/Symbols used in ordering number include

Fewer – less than (<)

More – greater than (>)

Same as – equal to (=)

Digits – are the numerals 0 to 9 that form numbers. For example, the digits 2 and 7 can form the two- digit numbers 27 and 72. Mathematical Statement – consists of numbers and symbols defining a relationship of equality or inequality. An example of equality is 3+ 5 = 2 + 6. An example of inequality is 3+ 5 < 2 + 5.Place value – the value of any digit depending on its location in a number e.g., for the number 84 the place value of the 8 is 80.

Quiz

Rewrite the following from least to the greatest

1. 340, 043 304, 043   340, 340   430, 040   430, 004
2. 609,229 69, 929  609292  690, 229  69, 292

 

 WEEK 3

THE ROMAN NUMERALS

Roman numerals use seven letters: I, V, X, L, C, D and M to represent the numbers 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000. These seven letters make up thousands of numbers. Romans Numerals are based on the following symbols:

1	5	10	50	100	500	1000
I	V	X	L	C	D	M

Basic Combinations

Which can be combined like this:

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX
10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90
X	XX	XXX	XL	L	LX	LXX	LXXX	XC
100	200	300	400	500	600	700	800	900
C	CC	CCC	CD	D	DC	DCC	DCCC	CM

Forming Numbers – The Rules

When a symbol appears after a larger (or equal) symbol it is added

• Example: VI = V + I = 5 + 1 = 6
• Example: LXX = L + X + X = 50 + 10 + 10 = 70

But if the symbol appears before a larger symbol it is subtracted

• Example: IV = V − I = 5 − 1 = 4
• Example: IX = X − I = 10 − 1 = 9

To Remember: After Larger is Added

Don’t use the same symbol more than three times in a row (but IIII is sometimes used for 4, particularly on clocks)

How to Convert to Roman Numerals

Break the number into Thousands, Hundreds, Tens, and Ones, and write down each in turn

Example: Convert 1984 to Roman Numerals.

Break 1984 into 1000, 900, 80 and 4, then do each conversion

• 1000 = M
• 900 = CM
• 80 = LXXX
• 4 = IV

1000 + 900 + 80 + 4 = 1984, so 1984 = MCMLXXXIV

Really Big Numbers

Numbers greater than 1,000 are formed by placing a dash over the symbol, meaning “times 1,000”, but these are not commonly used:

5,000	10,000	50,000	100,000	500,000	1,000,000
V	X	L	C	D	M

 

i-1                    vi-6                  xi-11                xvi-16 xxiv-24           L-50         cc-200

ii-2                   vii-7                 xii-12               xvii-17 xxix-29            Lv-55      ccc-300

iii-3                  viii-8                xiii-13  xviii-18            xxxix-39          xc-90      CD-400

iv-4                  ix-9                  xiv-14 xix-19  xL-40         xcvi-96      CDXL-440

v-5                  x-10                xv-15              xx-20              xLv-45 c-100    CDL-450

D-500         DCC-700          CM-900           M-1000             MMM-3000

IV-4000           IVD-4500          V-5000           VM-6000              X-10000

L-5000                 C-100000           D-500000                    M-1000000

Application of Roman figures

LXX +MC =MCLXX

CCCIX +DIV = DCCCXIII

MCMXCIX + DI = MMD

XXXII – XIX = XIII

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