Primary Five Second Term Lesson Note For Mathematics

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SECOND-TERM E NOTES

WEEK ONE

DATE

CLASS

TOPIC: RATIO AND PERCENTAGE

PERIOD

DURATION: 40MINS

BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: Pupils should be able to:

1. Define ratio
2. Solve equal and equivalent ratio
3. Change ratio to its lowest number.

Reference Materials

Lagos state scheme of work,

Online information

Relevant materials

Pupils textbook

Entry Behavior: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.

CONTENT

RATIO AND PERCENTAGE

Meaning of ratio

The relation between two quantities (both of the same units) obtained by dividing one quantity with another is called ratio. Ratio can be denoted by using the symbol ( : ).

EXAMPLE 1

What is the ratio between the weight two bags of sugar of 4kg and 6kg respectively?

Solution

Ratio of weights of bags of sugar = 4kg/ 6kg = 2/3 = 2:3

EXAMPLE 2

A pole of length 165cm is divided into two parts such that lengths are in the ration 7:8. Find the length of each part of the pole?

Total ratio = 7 + 8 = 15

First part = ^7/₁₅ , second part = 8/15

Length of first part = 7/15 of 165cm

=  7/15 × 165

= 7 x 11  = 77cm

1 x 1

Length of second part = 165cm – 77cm = 88cm

DIRECT PROPORTION

Examples

1. A marker costs $18. Calculate the cost of 5 markers.
2. A student went to the market to purchase textbooks. He purchased two textbooks for $24

• What is the price of one notebook?
• What would be the price of 5 such note

Solution

1. If one marker = $18

5 markers       =  $18 x 5 = $90

2. 2 textbooks = $24

1 textbook = m

2 × m = 1 x $24

2m = $24

M = $24 ÷ 2 = $12. Therefore 1 textbook = $24

(b) Since 1 textbook = $12

5 textbooks = $12 × 5 = $60

Equal and equivalent ratios

1. The two ratios below are equal or equivalent.

1/2 = 4/ 8

3/5 = 6/10

2. The two ratio below are not equal or equivalent

4/3≠6/10    3/5≠7/15

EVALUATION

1. What is ratio?
2. Find the ratio of each of the following in its lowest terms:

• 24cm: 72cm
• 425km: 750km
• 75min: 150min
• 85kg: 102kg

3. A field is 50m in length and 60m in width. Find the ratio between its width and length.
4. A scooter can travel 225km with 5 litres of petrol. How many litres of petrol is needed to travel 675km?

Strategies& Activities:

Step1: The teacher revises the previous topic.

Step2: The teacher introduces the new topic.

Step3: The teacher explains the new topic.

Step4: Teacher welcomes pupils’ questions.

Step5: The teacher evaluates the pupils

Assessment & Evaluation:

1. Define ratio
2. Solve equal and equivalent ratio
3. Change ratio to its lowest number.

(WRAP-UP CONCLUSION)

The teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding

Exercise 3

Write these ratios in their lowest terms:

1. 8 /6      2. 12 /10          3. 9/ 12        4. 8 /16      5. 2 /10       6. 2 /6           7. 3 15        8. 2 /20

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