JSS2 Third Term Mathematics Lesson Note – Probability

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WEEK  9

TOPIC: PROBABILITY

CONTENT:   

• Definition of terms in probability
• Experimental probability
• Theoretical probability

Definition of Terms in Probability

Probability is a measure of the likelihood of an event happening, that is, the likelihood of a required outcome. The required outcomes are the required possibilities in an occurrence or happening.

In form of a fraction, Probability =

The result (value) of this fraction ranges between 0 and 1.

Probability is 1 if it is certain that something will happen. Probability is 0 if it is certain that something cannot happen.

Probability is ordinarily used to describe an attitude of mind towards some proposition of whose truth we are not certain. The proposition of interest is usually of the form “Will a specific event occur?” The attitude of mind is of the form “How certain are we that the event will occur?” The certainty we adopt can be described in terms of a numerical measure and this number, between 0 and 1, is called probability. The higher the probability of an event, the more certain we are that the event will occur. Thus, probability in an applied sense is a measure of the likeliness that a (random) event will occur.

If the probability of something happening is    x

Then the probability of it not happening is      1 – x.

Application Areas of Probability

There are lots of these simple examples that we could be used to discuss probability. But chance events occur more often in everyday life. As you grow up you need to think about your actions and what the consequences of these actions will be. It’s important to know how to use probability when you make decisions about your future.

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