JSS2 Basic Technology Lesson Note on Air Flow; Pneumatic and Hydraulic Devices

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TOPIC: AIR FLOW, PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC DEVICES.

CONTENT

• Air flow
• Bernoulli’s principle
• Aerodynamics
• Definition of hydraulic and pneumatic devices.
• Examples of Hydraulic and Pneumatic devices.
• Components of the machines
• Working principle/operation of hydraulic and pneumatic device
• Uses of Hydraulic Devices
• Uses of Pneumatic Devices
• Advantages of Pneumatics Devices
• Advantages of hydraulic Devices

SUB-TOPIC ONE (1)

• Air flow
• Bernoulli’s principle
• Aerodynamics

(a) Air flow

This refers to air molecules in motion. Flow is an exclusive property of all fluids (liquids and gases). However unlike liquids, air does not necessarily need a channel or container for it to flow.  Breeze/wind is formed when molecules of air are set in motion. Molecules of air can be set in motion by any of the following processes:

1. Blowing air
2. Using the bellows (often used by blacksmith)
3. Using pumps
4. Using fan

When liquids flow through channels, agents such as gravity or a mechanical device is necessary to sustain the flow. Liquid (water) flow could either be laminar (streamline) or turbulent.

In laminar flow, all the portions of the water move gently in a path parallel to the confining channel.

Turbulent flow is a force flow; water particles do not move in a straight line. An example of this is the water flow in drainage during a heavy downpour.

Moving air molecules possess energy. This energy can be applied in the following processes;

• Action of the windmill

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