JSS2 Basic Science Lesson Note on The Kinetic Theory

The website has the complete lesson note for all the subjects in secondary school but this piece showcases the JSS2 Basic Science Lesson Note on The Kinetic Theory. You can use the website search button to filter out the subject of interest to you.

CLICK HERE to download the complete Document: DOWNLOAD HERE

TOPIC: TYPES OF ENERGY

SUB-TOPIC: The kinetic theory.

 

 THE KINETIC THEORY

The kinetic theory of matter assumes that matter is made up of tiny particles such as atoms, molecules and ions that are continually moving and therefore possess kinetic energy.

The kinetic theory combines the concept of heat as a form of energy with the molecular theory. First, matter is considered to consist of elastic particles that are in constant motion. By their motion, they possess kinetic energy. These elastic particles have become better known as molecules; and instead of particulate theory of matter, we talk of molecular theory of matter. Evidence of molecular motion is provided by diffusion and Brownian movement.

Diffusion

Diffusion is the natural tendency of molecules to flow from higher concentrations to lower concentrations. When the barrier between two substances is removed (as shown here), the molecules will diffuse throughout the entire container. While the number of molecules in the container is the same as it was before the barrier was removed, the substances are now at lower concentrations. The rate of diffusion depends on the weight of the molecules—heavy molecules diffuse more slowly than light molecules.

DIFFUSION:

Diffusion is defined as the movement of solute particles through a medium, from a region of higher concentration.  That is movement from a more crowded region to a less crowded region.

Once the solute particles become evenly distributed throughout the medium, there will be net diffusion in any particular direction.

Diffusion is fastest in gases because gas particles have more kinetic energy than particles in liquids and solids.

Demonstrate diffusion in water using KMnO₄ crystal.

Use a perfume to demonstrate diffusion in air. Spray at one end of the class, and it will be perceived at the other end of the class.

The basic statement of the kinetic theory of gases includes:

Click on the Downloadable Button to get the FULL NOTE