The website has the complete lesson note for all the subjects in secondary school but this piece showcases the JSS2 Basic Science Lesson Note on Crude Oil and Petrochemicals. You can use the website search button to filter out the subject of interest to you.
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TOPIC: CRUDE OIL AND PETROCHEMICALS
CONTENT: PRODUCTS OF FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
The distillation process is carried out by heating crude oil to a high temperature. The crude oil changes to vapour and ascends the fractional column. As the vapour ascends the column, it cools, condenses and separates into its fractions. The fractions with lower boiling points separate out on the trays in the upper part of the column, while fractions with higher boiling points separate out in the trays in the lower part of the column.
During the separation of crude oil three stages are involved, separation, conversion and purification. Separation is the first stage where the fractions are splitted by heat. Conversion is the conversion of less useful fractions into more useful ones through thermal cracking or polymerization. Purification is the removal of impurities.
Crude oil fractionates
USES OF CRUDE OIL
Crude oil can be exported (or sold) to foreign countries. When refined, its products have a wide range of uses, namely:
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