JSS1 Third Term Mathematics Lesson Note – Three Dimensional Shapes: Solid

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WEEK 4

TOPIC: Three dimensional shapes (solids)

Content:

(a) Identification and naming of solids.

(b) Basic properties of prism (cubes, cuboids and cylinders)

(c) Basic properties of pyramids and cones

(d) Basic properties of spheres

(e) Net of shapes: drawing and making the models of solids

(f) Volume of cubes and cuboids

IDENTIFICATION AND NAMING OF SOLIDS

Solid figures are often called 3 – dimensional shapes or 3 – D shapes. A solid figure is simply anything that occupies space and also has a definite shape. Most solids, or 3 – D shapes, such as stones and trees, have rough and irregular shapes. However, some solids, such as boxes, tins, football, etc. have regular shapes. These are often called geometrical solids.

                                                    Examples of 2-D and 3–D shapes

BASIC PROPERTIES OF PRISMS

A Prism is a solid figure with ends. It has base and top (opposite) faces that are parallel and are of the same size and shape. Its sides have opposite edges that are equal and parallel. The common prisms are cubes, cuboids and cylinders. Other are named after the shape of their top and bottom faces e.g. a prism with a triangle as its base is a triangular based prism, etc.

A face (f) is any plane surface that makes up prism.

An edge(E) is a line where two faces meet. it may be straight or curved.

A vertex(V) is a point or corner where three or more edges meet. The plural of vertex is vertices.

A prism with n-sides has the following properties:

• n + 2 number of faces
• 3n edges
• 2n vertices

CUBE

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