JSS1 First Term Mathematics Lesson Note – Fractions

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WEEK 6

TOPIC: FRACTIONS

CONTENTS:

• Definition and types
• Conversion of fraction to decimal and vice versa
• Conversion of fractions to percentages and vice versa.

 What are fractions?

Fractions are portion or part of whole number that describes quantities. Examples Consider the shapes below:

Types of fraction

Fractions are divided into four basic types:

   (i).  A Proper Fraction – It is a fraction having both numerator and denominator. And such is said to be rational.  In a proper fraction, its numerator is smaller in quantity than its denominator. We can use a funny example to explain. Suppose a 15 years old boy is made to carry on his head two small tubers of yam. We can see that he can comfortably and conveniently carry them without feeling the heaviness of the weight of the tubers, on his neck. If we let the boy be the denominator and the two tubers of yam to be numerator, we can reason or compare that the numerator (the yam tubers) and the 15-year-old boy (the denominator) are not equal in weight. Obviously in this example the numerator is lighter than the denominator. It is a proper thing for anyone to do when placing loads on a child’s head. The load on a child’s head should not be heavier than the body mass of that child. So, it is proper. That is exactly what a proper fraction looks like. Examples of proper fractions are:  ½, ¼, ¾ etc.

(ii).  An Improper Fraction  –  It is also a fraction having both numerator and denominator. But for an improper fraction its numerator is bigger in quantity than its denominator. Using our funny example above, we will believe that it is not proper for a seven-year-old boy to carry a whole drum of petrol upon his head. It will be improper to do that.  So, an improper fraction has its numerator larger in quantity than its denominator. Examples of improper fractions are: ⁵/₂, ¹⁴/₃ etc.

(iii).  A mixed Fraction – It is a fraction having two parts merged together. One part is a whole number while the other part is purely a proper fraction. Therefore, a mixed fraction is a joining of both a whole number and a proper fraction.  As an example, 4¾    is a mixed fraction, containing 4 as a whole number and   as  proper fraction.  Other examples of

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