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TOPIC: FAMILY HEALTH
SUB-TOPIC: NUTRITION
CONTENT:
Meaning of Nutrition: This is the act of obtaining food by living things. It is one of the characteristics of living things.
What is food? Food is any substance that is taken to nourish the body and to meet physiological needs for growth, energy, and to maintain all processes.
Classes of Food: The food we eat can be grouped into following classes based on the nutrient derived from it. A nutrient is a group of chemical compounds found in food.
There are six classes of food, namely carbohydrates, proteins, fat and oil, minerals salt, vitamins and water.
Carbohydrates: These are energy-giving food e.g rice, yam, maize, cassava, wheat, bread, potato, etc.
Excess intake of carbohydrate food can lead to diseases such as diabetes, beriberi, etc.
Wheat Grains
Proteins: -These are body-building food concerned with the growth and repair of worn-out parts of the body e.g meat, fish, eggs, beans, groundnut, milk, etc.
Lack of protein in the body can cause kwashiorkor
Fish as source of protein
Fats and Oils: They are also energy-giving foods which serve as insulators against changes in temperature e.g. palms oil, groundnut oil, butter, margarine, coconut oil, cashew nut, etc.
Excess fats deposit in the body can cause high blood pressure and stroke
Vitamins: These are foods needed in small quantities by the body for normal body maintenance. Vitamins aid digestion and sound health. E.g. fruits, vegetables, milk, egg, liver and nuts. Vitamins are grouped into Vitamin A, B, C, D, E and K.
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