JSS1 Basic Science Lesson Note on Non Living Things

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TOPIC: NON-LIVING THINGS

SUB-TOPIC: Classification of Non-living things

Non-living things in the environment can be grouped into metals and non-metal depending on their properties.

Metals: They are generally solids except for mercury, which exists in liquid state.  Examples are copper, iron rod, empty cans, aluminum, silver, gold, lead etc.

Copper-Coated Pennies

Most coins used the United States contain copper. Pennies, shown here, are made of zinc with a thin coating of copper. They actually have less copper than other U.S. coins!

Properties of Metals

• Metals are hard
• Metals can be beaten or hammered into thin sheet i.e. they are malleable
• Metals are shiny and can be polished i.e. they have metallic lucre
• Metals can be drawn into wires i.e. they are ductile
• Metals are heavy in weight i.e. they have high density
• Metals are good conductors of heat
• Metals are good conductors of electricity
• Metals can rust
• Metals generally have a high melting point

Uses of metals

1. Manufacture of motors vehicles and aero planes
2. For building houses, bridges and water tanks.
3. For construction of ships, roofing sheets and refrigerators.
4. Copper, iron, aluminum, silver, gold e.t.c. can be drawn into wire and used in production of cutleries (e.g. Spoons, Knives, Fork), machetes, hoes, diggers, ornaments (rings, bracelets).
5. For making cooking utensils.

Non-metals: They are generally solids, liquids and gaseous non-living things that lack all the properties of metals. Examples are plastic, paper, cloth, wood, rubber, sulphur, nitrogen, air, thread, carbon black and diamond.

 Properties of non-metals

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