JSS 2 Second Term Agricultural Science Lesson Note – Animal Feeds and Feeding: Ration and Types

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Animal feeds and feeding

CONTENT

         (c) Ration and Types

(d) Malnutrition: meaning, causes and symptoms

(e) Factors that affect feed requirements of farm animals

(f)Feeding tools; (i) trough    (ii) drinkers set, etc.

Sub-Topic 1:  Ration

Ration is the quantity or amount of feed given to farm animals daily or over a period of 24 hours. The type of ration given to a particular farm animal is largely dependent on the purpose of production.

Types of ration

1. Maintenance ration:
2. Production ration

Maintenance ration:

This is the amount of feed given to an animal to prevent an increase or decrease in life weight of the animal. It is given to maintain a particular weight, shape and size.

Production ration:

This ration is fed to animals for production purpose. It may be for the production of milk, eggs, meat, young ones or for work. The nutrient it contains are usually supplied in excess of maintenance requirement. These are examples of production ration

1. Grower ration: this is the feed given to growing animals. Ration with high protein content are particularly suited for rapid growth. Examples are broiler starter and broiler finisher diets.
2. Weaner’s ration: This is a ration fed to young animals whenever they are taken away from their mothers I.e. (when weaned).

Malnutrition:

This is a condition a condition in which an animal show evidence of nutrient deficiency.

Causes of malnutrition

1. Unbalanced diet

Symptoms of malnutrition

1. Drop or low production(milk and egg)
2. Susceptibility to diseases attack

Factors that affect feed requirement of farm animals

The level of nutrient or nutritional requirement of animal depends on the following factors

1. Age of the animal – young grower

Reasons for feeding farm animals:

Feeds are fed to farm animals for the following purposes.

1. To provide necessary elements for repairing the wear and tear of the body to provide raw material for synthesis of body source in growth.

 

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