JSS 1 Third Term Agricultural Science Lesson Note – Description of the Damage Done by Pests and Effects of Crop Pests on Yield

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CONTENT

1. Description of the damage done by pests
2. Effects of crop pests on yield

Sub-Topic1: Description of the damage done by pests

Crop pests do a lot of damage to crops either on the farm or in the store. The damages done by pests include:

• Some insect pests are carriers of diseases which they transmit to healthy plants.

Examples of diseases transmitted by insect are: ground nut rosette, cassava mosaic, swollen shoot of cocoa, etc.

• Mammals (rodents) e.g rats, grass-cutter eat up the tubers of yam, cassava and potato.
• The birds destroy rice, sorghum, beans, maize and fruits at various stages of their growth on the farm.

TABLE SHOWING THE DESCRIPTION OF DAMAGES DONE BY CROP PESTS.

S/N	Crop Pest	Crop(S) Damaged	Nature of Damage Caused /Effects on Crops
1.	Grasshoppers/locust	Cassava, yam, cowpea	·  They eat vegetative parts of plants such as leaves, stems, fruits and flowers ·  They reduce the rate of photosynthesis ·  They reduce growth and yield.
1.	Aphids	Cowpea, soya beans, cocoa, kola, rubber, groundnut, lettuce, etc.	·  They pierce plant part and suck sap and juice. ·  They transmit virus diseases. ·  They produce honey dew which spreads on the leaf and as such disturbs photosynthetic ability.

 

Sub-Topic:  2. Effects of crop pests on yield.

1. Heavy attack by pests may result in total crop failure.
2. Infected seeds, crops, and vegetables have low market value.

• Pests reduce the quality of crops

 

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